Dynamics of IL-19 and IL-33 Production in Patients with Atherosclerosis of Brachiocephalic Arteries

Аuthor: Saranchina Julia Vladimirovna

Сo-authors: Dutova Svetlana Vyacheslavovna, Kilina Oksana Yurievna

Katanov Khakass State University

Russia, Abakan

Despite the large amount of knowledge currently available about the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic vascular lesions and methods of diagnosis and treatment, the mortality rate from associated cardiovascular diseases is still high both in Russia and around the world [1-4]. This fact determines the conduct of additional studies aimed at finding new therapeutic targets and diagnostic markers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to assess the level of IL-19 and IL-33 production in patients with atherosclerotic changes in brachiocephalic arteries. 

46 patients who were treated for arterial hypertension in the therapeutic department of the State Medical Institution of the Republic of Tatarstan «Republican Clinical Hospital named after G.Ya. Remishevskaya» were examined, 26 of them were women and 20 men (the average age of the subjects was 63.4± 3.2 years). Verification of atherosclerotic vascular lesions was carried out using ultrasound. The control group included 40 subjects (23 women and 17 men, average age – 44.7±5.5 years) who did not have atherosclerotic vascular wall lesions. Venous blood and samples of atherosclerotic plaques were used as the material for the study. The level of interleukins was determined by the ELISA method. The results were statistically processed and presented in the form of median and interquartile range [Me (Q1;Q3)]. Nonparametric Mann-Whitney criteria were used to compare the groups. The differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. 

Serum levels of IL-19 and IL-33 in patients with atherosclerosis did not significantly differ from the control group. Thus, the level of IL-19 in the main group was 113.05 (88.91; 120.29) pg/ml, IL-33 — 9.17 (8.90; 9.36) pg/ml, and in the comparison group: 116.67 (108.22; 142.02) pg/ml and 8.97 (8.83; 9.07) pg/ml, respectively. At the same time, the serum level of IL-19 was statistically significantly higher than IL-33. 

In the homogenate of atherosclerotic plaque (ASB), the level of IL-33 was statistically significantly higher than in blood serum: 167.26 (50.87; 258.35) pg/ml and 8.97 (8.83; 9.07) pg/ml, respectively (p=0.003), and the level of IL-19 had no statistically significant differences and reached in serum – 113.05 (88.91; 120.29) pg/ml, in ASB homogenate – 96.15 (88.91; 108.22) pg/ml. A statistically significant negative correlation of average strength was revealed between the level of IL-19 and IL-33 (r = -0.58, p = 0.05). Based on the data obtained, it can be assumed that if the level of IL-33 in the blood increases and IL-19 decreases, then this is a consequence of cell necrosis and rupture of the ASB. And if the level of IL-33 in the blood decreases, and the level of IL-19 increases, then this indicates the suppression of macrophage activity and, as a consequence, the stabilization of the plaque.

Thus, the study showed that the serum levels of IL-19 and IL-33 can be considered as promising markers of the degree of progression of atherosclerotic vascular lesions.

The results were obtained as part of the fulfillment of the state task of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia (task No. 17.9545.2017/BР).

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